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Health Advice for Travellers
Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine

 

Health Advice for Travellers
Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine

 

Health Advice for Travellers
Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine

Italy

Latest News

On 27 May 2026, Italy confirmed a rabies case in a dog in Vittorio Veneto, Treviso Province, Veneto Region. Investigations revealed that the dog had been illegally imported into Italy in December 2025 following a family member’s tourist trip to Morocco.

 

This is the first reported rabies case in northeastern Italy in approximately 15 years and has triggered enhanced public health and veterinary control measures in Vittorio Veneto including 32 individuals receiving post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).

The incident highlights the ongoing risk of rabies introduction into rabies-free areas through the illegal importation of pets from rabies-endemic countries.
Regione de Veneto, 29.5.2026

As of 20 March 2026, the Campania region of Italy has recorded at least 154 hepatitis A cases (+21 within 24 hours) since the beginning of the year. The increase in cases is suspected to be linked to contamination of bivalve molluscs, prompting intensified control measures across the entire bivalve supply chain.

 

Cotugno Hospital, the regional reference center for infectious diseases in Naples, is managing 54 hospitalized hepatitis A patients as of 22 March 2026, including eight new admissions to the emergency department on that day alone.

 

In response, Naples Mayor Gaetano Manfredi issued an emergency ordinance banning the consumption of raw shellfish and related molluscs in all public establishments.

Follow local advices. Practice excellent hand hygiene and food safety and do not eat raw und undercooked sea food. Seek medical advice if you develop symptoms. Vaccination against hepatitis A is recommended for people for persons at risk, see SOP hepatitis A at www.healthytravel.ch PRO version as well.

 

Regional health authorities have also ordered the strengthening and expansion of the free hepatitis A vaccination program for those most at risk: health and social health personnel, food supply chain workers, fragile patients and pediatric population, in relation to epidemiological risk and exposure.

Rome news, 26.3.2026 | Via BEACON, 22.3.2026
The Winter Olympics will kick off on 6 February 2026 and run until 22 February, while the Paralympics will take place between 6 and 15 March. The Games will bring both attendees and athletes from across the globe to Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo in Italy, with competitions also taking place in several sites across the country’s northern region. More than one million attendees are expected.

General precautions:

  • Mass events may favor gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, therefore: Frequently wash your hands with water and soap or clean them with an alcohol-based product. Avoid close contact to sick people.
  • To avoid sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, Mpox, etc.): follow safer sex practices (condoms). Consider vaccination against hepatitis A, hepatitis B and mpox. See also factsheet.
  • The risk of accidents may also be increased (beware of alcohol excesses!). 

 

Recommended vaccinations: 

  • Check the vaccination status for yourself and your children! See country page Italy at www.healthytravel.ch. 
  • Important: Due to several measles outbreaks worldwide including Europe: all visitors should be immune against measles!
  • Get vaccinated against influenza, COVID-19 and RSV according to national guidelines
  • Vaccination against meningococcal disease can be considered.

 

If you are sick:

  • Cover your nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing;
  • Stay home or in your hotel room if possible;
  • Wear a face mask or respirator in crowded settings where physical distancing is not possible.
  • Get tested for STIs if you have had unprotected sex or sex with multiple partners, even if you do not have symptoms.
ECDC, 5.2.2026

Locally acquired mpox cases have now been confirmed in four countries. Spain reported its first such case on 10 October 2025, and the Netherlands on 17 October 2025. These have been followed by additional cases reported in Italy (2) and Portugal (1).

 

These new cases have been reported among men, some of whom identify themselves as men who have sex with men, with no recent travel history to mpox-endemic areas. 

 

This development is distinct from the previously reported travel-associated clade Ib cases between August 2024 and October 2025, mostly among returning travellers from mpox-endemic areas outside of the EU.

Risk very low for general populations but moderate for at risk groups.

  • Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with people who have or may have mpox or people who have a rash (e.g., pimples, blisters, scabs).
  • Wash your hands often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitiser containing at least 60% alcohol.
  • Avoid touching potentially contaminated personal items such as cups, bedding/clothing, towels or sharing eating utensils/cups, food or drink with a person who has, or may have mpox.
  • Avoid sex with sick persons; use of condoms for up to 12 weeks if your sexual partner has had mpox.
  • Follow advice of local authorities.
  • If you belongs to a group at risk, vaccination might be indicated see Mpox factsheet.
ECDC Threat Assessment Brief:Detection of autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the EU/EEA, 24.10.2025 Ministry of Health, Netherlands, 20.10.2025

France reported 82 new locally acquired chikungunya cases in the past week, bringing the total to 383 across 37 clusters. Twenty-six clusters remain active, with the largest in Bergerac (54 cases).

 

Italy reported 60 new locally acquired chikungunya cases, raising the total to 167 across four clusters. Three clusters remain active, with the largest in Carpi–San Prospero–Soliera (134 cases)

 

Active (red) and closed (yellow) clusters as of 10 Sept 2025, for updates, see ECDC dashboard.

chikitfr.JPG

Optimal mosquito protection is recommended 24/7, also in cities (this is also important for other mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue). The Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine does not recommend chikungunya or dengue vaccination for travelers visiting Italy, mainland France or Corsica
AGES, 11.9.2025

Since the beginning of 2025, and as of 20 August 2025, nine countries in Europe have reported human cases of West Nile virus infection: Albania, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Serbia and Spain. Currently, 67 areas are known to be affected.

 

For updates, see ECDC LINK.

 

europe.png

The following precautions are recommended:

  • Protect yourself against mosquito bites during the day and at night (see optimal mosquito and tick bite protection 24/7).
  • Do not touch sick or dead birds, as they may also be infected.

If you have visited a West Nile fever transmission area, do not donate blood for at least 28 days after returning.

ECDC CDTR, 20.8.2025

Within one week, Italy reported more than 100 additional West Nile virus (WNV) cases, bringing the total to 275 confirmed cases with 19 deaths. The outbreak is most severe in the Lazio and Campania regions and is spreading into northern Italy. Neuroinvasive cases are substantial, with 126 reported and an estimated mortality rate of about 15.1%.

 

More info on outbreaks among equids and birds in Europe is available in the ECDC and EFSA monthly report.

 

Provinces with proven circulation of WNV in vectors, animals and humans (asymptomatic donors, fever and confirmed neuroinvasive cases):

 

italy.JPG

The following precautions are recommended:

  • Protect yourself against mosquito bites during the day and at night (see Optimal mosquito and tick bite protection 24/7).
  • Do not touch sick or dead birds, as they may also be infected.
  • If you have visited a West Nile fever transmission area, do not donate blood for at least 28 days after returning.
Instituto superiore di sanita, 14.8.2025

Italy has reported seven deaths from West Nile virus as of 29 Jul 2025 (all in individuals 65 and older and with underlying conditions), with outbreaks emerging in Lazio, Campania, and Piedmont, marking a shift from the traditionally affected northern regions. In response, health authorities have implemented mosquito control measures and restricted blood donations in 31 provinces.

 

More info on outbreaks among equids and birds in Europe is available in the ECDC and EFSA monthly report.

The following precautions are recommended:

  • Protect yourself against mosquito bites during the day and at night (see Optimal mosquito and tick bite protection 24/7).
  • Do not touch sick or dead birds, as they may also be infected.
  • If you have visited a West Nile fever transmission area, do not donate blood for at least 28 days after returning.
Beaconbio, 29.07.2025
In 2025 and as of 16 July 2025, 4 locally transmitted cases have been reported from 3 European countries: Portugal (2), Italy (1), France (1).

Optimal mosquito protection 24/7, also in cities (also against other mosquito-borne diseases). Vaccination
against dengue is not routinely recommended for residing or traveling in European countries.

 

Note on vaccination against dengue fever with Qdenga®:

  • The Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine (ECTM) recommends a vaccination with Qdenga® only for travelers older than 6 years who have had a previous dengue infection and who will be exposed in a region with significant dengue transmission (this is not the case in Europe).
  • For details, see ECTM Statement.

 

In case of fever:

  • Ensure adequate hydration and apply paracetamol products.
  • Avoid taking medications containing acetylsalicylic acid (e.g., Aspirin®), as this can increase the risk
    of bleeding during a dengue infection. However, do not stop taking medications containing acetylsalicylic acid if it is already part of your regular treatment for an underlying condition.
ECDC, 18.07.2025
In 2025 and as of 16 July 2025, 31 locally transmitted cases have been reported from France (30) and Italy (1). 

More locally acquired cases are expected in the summer season.

 

Optimal mosquito protection 24/7 also in cities (also against other mosquito-borne diseases such as
dengue). The Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine does not recommend chikungunya vaccination for travelers visiting Italy, mainland France or Corsica.

ECDC, 18.07.2025
On 13 July 2025,  a likely autochthonous case of chikungunya has been confirmed in the province of Piacenza, Emilia Romagna Region. The patient is an Italian man, resident in Castel San Giovanni, in the Pievetta area, aged over 65, who in recent days has presented with fever, musculoskeletal pain and conjunctivitis. The patient has not travelled to areas where the disease is endemic.

More locally acquired cases are expected in the upcoming summer season.

 

Optimal mosquito protection 24/7, also in cities (also against other mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue). The Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine does not recommend chikungunya vaccination for travelers visiting Italy.

Servicio sanitario regionale Emiglia Romagna, 13.7.2025

Several countries in the European Union have observed an increase in reported cases of hepatis A genotype 1B. In particular, Austria, Czechia and Hungary have observed more reported cases than expected between November 2024 to May 2025.

 

The increase of HAV infection is mainly affecting adults that are experiencing homeless, people with a drug addiction and people living in poor sanitary conditions. Two genetically closely related clusters of HAV 1b have been identified (cluster a and cluster b).

The chain of transmission is ongoing, and new cases are likely to occur.

 

Vaccination against hepatitis A is recommended for people visiting friends and relatives in remote rural areas and/or where hygiene conditions are poor as well as for risk persons, see SOP hepatitis A at www.healthytravel.ch PRO version.  

 

ECDC CDTR, 28.5.2025
The year 2025 is considered a Holy Jubilee year. It will take place in Rome, Italy, and the Vatican City State, in 2025. Also known as a Holy Year, the Jubilee is one of the Catholic Church’s major global events, expected to draw more than 30 million visitors, spread out across the year, until its end on 6 January 2026. Traditionally held every 25 years, it is a period during which pilgrims travel to Rome and the Vatican and visit certain designated churches and attend religious services.

The probability of European citizens becoming infected with communicable diseases during the Jubilee 2025 is low if general preventive measures are applied such as

  • Be fully vaccinated according to national immunisation schedules.
  • follow advice regarding hand and food hygiene and respiratory etiquette.
  • self-isolate in case of flu-like symptoms until they resolve, wearing a mask in crowded settings, seeking prompt testing and medical advice as needed. This is particularly important in relation to vaccine-preventable diseases that are or may be on the rise, such as measles, whooping cough, and COVID-19.
  • Use mosquito bite prevention measures 24/7.
  • Protect yourself from sun and heat
  • Practise safer sex For detailed advice, see the ECDC Flyer “JOINT PUBLIC HEALTH ADVICE FOR TRAVELLERS ATTENDING THE JUBILEE 2025”.
ECDC, 5.5.2025

Die Daten zu Masernfällen in der Europäischen Union und im Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum (EU/EWR) in den letzten zwölf Monaten (1. Februar 2024 bis 31. Januar 2025 32‘265 Masernfälle) zeigen einen deutlichen Anstieg der Meldungen im Vergleich zu 2023. Rumänien (27‘568), Italien (1‘097), Deutschland (637), Belgien (551) und Österreich (542) wiesen die höchsten Fallzahlen auf.

 

Aufgrund der vermehrten Viruszirkulation, werden die Fallzahlen sehr wahrscheinlich im Frühjahr 2025 zunehmen. Die anhaltende Übertragung deutet auf Lücken in der Durchimpfung gegen diese vermeidbare Krankheit hin – sowohl bei Kindern als auch bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen.

Lassen Sie Ihren Impfstatus überprüfen!

Alle nach 1963 geborenen Personen, die keinen nachgewiesenen Schutz gegen Masern haben (Antikörper oder 2 nachgewiesene Impfungen), sollten zweimal mit dem MMR-Impfstoff geimpft werden. Im Falle einer Epidemie in der Region oder bei Kontakt mit einem Masernfall wird die Impfung ab einem Alter von 6 Monaten empfohlen.

ECDC, 11.3.2025

The data from the latest ECDC annual epidemiologic reports on sexual transmitted diseases (STIs) show the notification rate for confirmed gonorrhea cases in European Union/European Economic Area countries rose by 31% in 2023 compared with 2022 and has risen by 321% since 2014. 

 

Syphilis cases also continue to rise. In 2023, 41’051 confirmed cases were reported in 29 EU/EEA countries, representing a 13% increase compared to 2022, and a doubling compared to 2014.

This is a reminder that sexually transmitted diseases are increasing worldwide. Safer sex practice is the best way to prevent STIs, see factsheet STI. Buy condoms from a reliable source before you start your trip!
ECDC, 10.2.2025
The Jubilee 2025 is a special holy year of the Catholics which occurs once every 25 years, involving major religious mass gathering events in Rome which are attended by millions of pilgrims from all around the world. In 2025, starting from 24 December 2024 until December 2025, it is estimated that more than 35 million pilgrims will visit Rome
The probability of European citizens becoming infected with communicable diseases during the Jubilee 2025 is low if general preventive measures are applied (e.g. being fully vaccinated according to national immunisation schedules, following advice regarding hand and food hygiene and respiratory etiquette, self-isolating with flu-like symptoms until they resolve, wearing a mask in crowded settings, seeking prompt testing and medical advice as needed, and practising safe sex). This is particularly important in relation to vaccine-preventable diseases that may be on the rise, such as measles, whooping cough, and COVID-19.
ECDC CDTR, 17.1.2025

As of 3 October, 130 locally acquired dengue cases have been reported by the Italian National Public Health Authority. These are 63 more cases than reported in the previous week's update. The newly reported cases were from Marche (51 cases), Emilia Romagna (14 cases) and Lombardy (one case). According to local authorities in the Marche Region, there is a decreasing trend in case numbers reported from Fano.

 

For 129 cases NUTS2 regions were reported:

  • Marche (102 cases)
  • Emilia Romagna (19 cases)
  • Lombardy (six cases)
  • Tuscany (one case)
  • Veneto (one case).

 

An additional case (onset of symptoms 18 August, DENV 2) was reported by the Abruzzo region. However, the place of infection is currently under investigation as the infection may have occurred in another region.

Prevention: Optimal mosquito bite protection during the day, also in cities.

 

In case of fever, apply paracetamol products and hydration. If you have a fever, avoid taking medications containing acetylsalicylic acid (e.g., Aspirin®), as this can increase the risk of bleeding during a dengue infection. However, do not stop taking medications containing acetylsalicylic acid if it is already part of your regular treatment for an underlying condition.


Note on vaccination against dengue fever with Qdenga®:

The Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine (ECTM) recommends a vaccination with Qdenga® only for travelers from 6 years old who have evidence of previous dengue infection and who will be exposed in a region with significant dengue transmission. For details, see ECTM Statement.

ECDC CDTR, 4.10.2024

In 2024 and as of 2 October 2024, 18 countries in Europe have reported 1’202 locally acquired human cases of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection with known place of infection. The earliest and latest date of onset were respectively on 1 March 2024 and 26 September 2024.

 

Locally acquired cases were reported by Italy (422), Greece (202), Spain (114), Albania (102), Hungary (101), Romania (71), Serbia (53), Austria (34), Türkiye (30), France (27), Croatia (20), Germany (8), Slovenia (5), Kosovo (4), Slovakia (4), Bulgaria (2), North Macedonia (2) and Czechia (1).

 

In Europe, 88 deaths were reported by Greece (31), Italy (16), Albania (13), Romania (10), Spain (10), Bulgaria (2), Serbia (2), Türkiye (2), France (1) and North Macedonia (1).

 

Case numbers reported this year are above the mean monthly case count for the past 10 years. During the same period in 2023, 681 cases had been reported. However, numbers are lower than in 2018, when 1 728 cases had been reported by this time of year.

 

Distribution of locally acquired human West Nile virus infections in 2024 till 2 October 2024:

Of note, further regions of infection were reported in 2023.

west nile.png

The following precautions are recommended: 

  • Protect yourself against mosquito bites during the day and at night (see factsheet mosquito and tick bite protection).
  • Do not touch sick or dead birds, as they may also be infected.
  • If you have visited a West Nile fever transmission area, do not donate blood for at least 28 days after returning. 
ECDC, 9.10.2024
Since the first week of August and until September 11, 2023, 14 cases of locally acquired (autochthonous) dengue fever infection have been registered in the Italian regions of Lombardy and 5 cases in the region of Lazio, including Rome. All cases were laboratory-confirmed, and all patients have recovered or are on the road to recovery. Since the beginning of the year, 146 imported dengue cases have been registered in Italy.
It is not uncommon for autochthonous dengue cases to occur in parts of southern Europe during the summer months. Carry out optimal mosquito protection, especially during the day (see factsheet Mosquito and tick bite protection). In case of fever: take paracetamol preparations and ensure sufficient fluid intake. Do not take medicines containing acetylsalicylic acid (e.g. Aspirin®), as these increase the risk of bleeding during a dengue infection.
ECDC CDTR, 15.9.2023

Since the first week of August and as of 11 September 2023, 19 locally acquired dengue fever cases have been detected in the Lombardy (14) and Lazio (5) regions in Italy. The cases are grouped in three clusters:

  • in the province of Lodi, Lombardy region (14 cases)
  • in the metropolitan city of Rome (3 cases) and 
  • in the province of Latina (2 cases), Lazio region (Circero). 

All cases were laboratory confirmed by PCR and all cases have recovered or are improving.

 

A DENV-1 serotype virus was identified in the cases in Lombardy and in the metropolitan city of Rome, Lazio region. Epidemiological investigations have not identified any link between the cases in Lombardy and the cases identified in the Lazio region. 

A DENV-3 serotype was detected in the cluster of cases in the province of Latina, Lazio region, indicating that this outbreak is independent from the other two in Italy. 

Response and control measures are being implemented by Italian public health authorities. These include case finding, vector control activities, information to healthcare providers and the general public, and preventive measures for donors of substances of human origin (e.g. blood and organs). 

So far, 146 imported dengue cases have been registered in Italy in 2023, most of them in the Lombardy region (50 imported cases) and Lazio region (28 imported cases).

For more details of the outbreak in Italy, see Rapid Communication of Eurosurveilance.

Further autochthonous cases may occur in the affected regions, and in Italy overall.

It is not unusual that autochthonous dengue cases occur during the summer months in parts of southern Europe. 

Prevention: Optimal mosquito bite prevention during the day, also in cities.
ECDC CDTR, 15.9.2023
Between late July and early September, 10 autochthonous (locally acquired) dengue cases were reported in Italy. The affected regions are Lombardy (7 cases, province of Lodi and Lake Garda) and Lazio (1 case in Rome, 2 cases in Latina). According to media reports, an autochthonous dengue case in Parma is also under investigation. A total of 122 imported dengue cases have been diagnosed in Italy since the beginning of the year.
According to the Italian health authority, the situation described is in line with expectations for this season, as international travel has increased following the COVID 19 emergency and climatic conditions favor the proliferation of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (also known as tiger mosquitoes), which can transmit dengue virus. Optimal mosquito protection especially during the day. In case of fever: take paracetamol preparations and ensure sufficient fluid intake. Do not take medications containing acetylsalicylic acid (e.g. Aspirin®), as these increase the risk of bleeding during a dengue infection.
ECDC, 4.9.2023 | BASG 1.9.2023 | | Insituto Superiore di Sanità, 6.9.2023 | Media 7.9.2023
Since the start of the 2022 transmission season and through the end of July, EU/EEA countries have recorded 55 human West Nile fever infections in Italy (42), Greece (12), and Slovakia (1), and five deaths in Italy.
West Nile fever (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes during the day and at night. Only about 20% of those infected show symptoms, which can range from flu-like symptoms with fever, headache, and aching limbs. In rare cases, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis may occur. This more severe form of the disease can include headaches, neck stiffness, visual disturbances, paralysis, and other neurological symptoms, and can lead to a very long duration of illness, permanent paralysis, or death.

The risk is low. People who are over 60 years of age, have an underlying disease, or have a weakened immune system are at higher risk for the more severe form of West Nile virus.
The following precautions are recommended:

  • Protect yourself against mosquito bites during the day and at night (see factsheet mosquito and tick bite protection).
  • Do not touch sick or dead birds, as they may also be infected.

If you have visited a West Nile fever transmission area, do not donate blood for at least 28 days after your return.

ECDC/CDTR EW 30, 24-30 July 2022

General Information

Latest travel measures by country related to the Ebola disease outbreak in D.R. Congo and Uganda: see LINK.
Detailed information by diseases (key aspects | maps | fact sheets etc.) are primary included in the section 'important health risks' otherwise to be found under the respective vaccination.

Vaccinations for all travellers

 
Risk Area
Factsheet
Flyer
SOP
MAP
Bookmark
  
 
 
 
 

 
Recommendation
All travellers should have completed a basic immunisation according to the Swiss vaccination schedule, LINK.
 

Worldwide
  
 
 
 
 

 
Recommendation

All travellers should have completed a basic immunisation and boosters according to the Swiss vaccination schedule, LINK.

 

 

General information on diphteria, tetanus and pertussis

 

Please consult the following FOPH links:

  • Diphteria
  • Tetanus (German)
  • Pertussis (German)
Worldwide
 
 
 
 

 
Recommendation

All travellers should have completed a basic immunisation and boosters according to the Swiss vaccination schedule, LINK.

 

General information on measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)

Please consult the following FOPH links:

  • Measles
  • Mumps
  • Rubella

MMR_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_DE.pdf

Worldwide
 
 
 
 

 
Recommendation

Travellers should be immune to chickenpox. Persons between 13 months and 39 years of age who have not had chickenpox and who have not received 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine should receive a booster vaccination (2 doses with minimum interval of 4 weeks), see Swiss vaccination schedule, LINK.

 

Please consult the following link of the FOPH:

 

General information about chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster)

  • Link to the document 

Varicella_Herpeszoster_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

Vaccinations for some travellers

 
Risk Area
Factsheet
Flyer
SOP
MAP
Bookmark
Worldwide
 
 
 
  • Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by a virus.
  • The virus is transmitted through sexual contact, but can also be transmitted through blood (products), e.g. when sharing syringes, tattoo needles, etc.
  • There is a safe and very effective vaccine that offers long-lasting protection.
  • The hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all infants and adolescents up to the age of 16 and for risk groups regardless of age.

    Hepatitis_B_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    • Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by a virus.
    • The virus is transmitted through sexual contact, but can also be transmitted through blood (products), e.g. when sharing syringes, tattoo needles, etc.
    • There is a safe and very effective vaccine that offers long-lasting protection.
    • The hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all infants and adolescents up to the age of 16 and for risk groups regardless of age. 
    Hepatitis B is caused by a highly contagious virus that affects the liver. The course of the disease varies greatly, with up to a third of those infected showing no symptoms.
    Hepatitis B is found all over the world, but mainly in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and parts of America. In Switzerland, around 0.5 - 0.7 per cent of the population are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus. Men who have sex with men (MSM) and the age group of the 30 to 59 year olds are most frequently affected, accounting for around two thirds of all acute cases.
    Transmission occurs mainly through contact with bodily fluids of infected persons, especially genital secretions and blood. Accordingly, infection occurs primarily during sexual intercourse (genital, anal, oral) and when sharing syringes. In countries where the virus is more widespread and hygiene conditions are poorer, it can also be transmitted through the use of non-sterile instruments by doctors / dentists or tattooists, as well as through blood transfusions or infusions. Furthermore, infected mothers can transmit the disease to their child during birth.
    One third of newly infected adults show no symptoms. The classic picture of hepatitis B presents itself 1.5 to 6 months after infection with fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) may also occur. The disease usually heals completely on its own, especially in adults. Around 5-10% of adults with the disease, but 90% of infants, develop chronic hepatitis B. This can lead to liver remodelling (liver cirrhosis) with functional impairment or liver cancer.
    In the first phases of the infection, treatment aims at relieving the symptoms, as the disease usually heals on its own. Chronic hepatitis B can be controlled with antiviral medication, but often without achieving a complete cure. It is important to prevent the infection of close contacts (family members, sexual contacts).
    There are safe and effective vaccines that offer lifelong protection after two to three doses. Vaccination is recommended for infants as part of the combined vaccination programme at 2, 4 and 12 months of age. For adolescents up to and including the age of 15 years, 2 vaccinations are recommended at intervals of 4-6 months. Adolescents aged 16 and over and adults require 3 vaccinations. Persons who would benefit from this vaccine are  people at increased risk, such as healthcare workers; MSM; people with other liver disease and drug users. There is also a combination vaccine with hepatitis A.
    • Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). Hepatitis B:
      https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/krankheiten/krankheiten-im-ueberblick/hepatitis-b.html
    • Hepatitis Switzerland: https://en.hepatitis-schweiz.ch/all-about-hepatitis/hepatitis-b/
     
     
    Tick borne encephalitis - Map
    • Only a few tick species bite and spread pathogens that cause disease in humans.
    • The diseases transmitted in an area depend on the local tick species.
    • Ticks live in grassy, brushy, or wooded areas and on animals.
    • Outdoor activities like walking your dog, camping, gardening, or hunting increase risk off exposure—even in your own yard.
    • Get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) if in an affected area.

    TBE_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    2026-08-05_adapted_TBE_2025_Eurasia.jpg

    • Only a few tick species bite and spread pathogens that cause disease in humans.
    • The diseases transmitted in an area depend on the local tick species.
    • Ticks live in grassy, brushy, or wooded areas and on animals.
    • Outdoor activities like walking your dog, camping, gardening, or hunting increase risk off exposure—even in your own yard.
    • Get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) if in an affected area.

    Depending on the geographical region and the species, ticks may carry and transmit different pathogens. Diseases include the human ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, tularemia, babesiosis, tick-borne relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, other rickettsioses, some arboviral diseases, and several flaviviruses causing encephalitis such as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Some ticks may also cause tick paralysis.

     

    In Europe, commonly transmitted disease by ticks include Lyme disease (borreliosis), tick-borne encephalitis and tularemia.
    In the US (and less so in South America) important tick-borne diseases represent babesiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, Powassan disease and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (STFS).


    Other important pathogens transmitted by ticks are bacterial organisms causing rickettsial diseases, which are found throughout the world. Among returned travelers, rickettsial diseases have been estimated to be the fourth most common cause of fever, with symptoms such as rash, abdominal pain, and a dry, black/dark scab at the site of the infecting bite.

    Tick-borne diseases are commonly transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. Risk of getting tick-bites is generally increased for travelers who engage in extensive outdoor activities (such as hunting, hiking, camping, or field work in forested or brushy areas or gardening near such areas) where tick reservoirs are abundant. Risk of acquiring rickettsial infections is particularly present for travelers who go on safaris in the wilderness of Africa (especially southern Africa). Risk of acquiring murine typhus is greatest for travelers in risk areas who are exposed to flea-infested cats and dogs or who reside in areas infested with rodents. Some diseases (such as babesiosis) also present other transmission modes. Babesiosis can also be transmitted through blood transfusions and from a pregnant woman to her unborn child.

    Tick-borne diseases may occur worldwide, but distribution is based on geographical location (see map).

     

    Areas with increased risk of TBE include central and eastern Europe and the Baltic and Nordic countries. TBE is also prevalent in Russia all the way from the western border with Europe to its eastern border.


    Lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent tick-transmitted infection in temperate areas of Europe, North America and Asia, and its geographic distribution is ever-increasing. Central Europe is the region with the highest tick infection rates (young ticks/nymphs >10%; adult ticks >20%) in Europe, specifically in Austria, Czech Republic, southern Germany, Switzerland, Slovakia and Slovenia.

    Babesiosis is found in certain regions of North America and forested areas in Europe and East Asia. Anaplasmosis is common in North America, Europe, and China.

    Ehrlichiosis is common in the US, certain areas of Europe, South America, and Africa.

    Powassan disease is found in the northeastern US and far eastern Russia, whereas Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) occurs in the US and Asia-Pacific region.

    Rickettsial infections are present worldwide. African Tickbite Fever (ATBF) is the most commonly reported rickettsial infection acquired during travel and occurs in southern Africa (especially Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe).Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF), reported among returning US and UK travelers, occurs over much of Africa, Europe, India, and the Middle East; whereas Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is commonly found throughout Canada, parts of Central and South America, and the US.

    Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a rare but serious viral disease transmitted by tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. It is the most widespread viral hemorrhagic fever, found in Eastern and Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, northwestern China, central Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Healthcare workers and those handling livestock face higher risk.

    The symptoms vary according to the pathogen transmitted by the tick. The leading symptom is usually fever, sometimes in combination with specific skin findings (such as rash and/or dark scab at the bite site). Some infections are mild, whereas TBE, for instance, can lead to infection of the brain (encephalitis) or lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis). In Lyme disease the progression to neurological motor or sensory impairment is particularly feared. Among the rickettsial diseases, spotted fevers may be fatal in 20%–60% of untreated cases, while other species cause only mild infections. For CCHF, see CDC LINK.
    There is a specific antibiotic treatment against most bacterial tick-borne pathogens, including Lyme disease (borreliosis), rickettsial diseases, babesiosis, and tularemia. Though there is no specific treatment against most viral tick-borne pathogens (such as TBE).

    The key to prevent tick-borne diseases is to protect yourself from tick bites (see also fact-sheet "Mosquito and tick bite prevention"):

    • Use insect repellent
    • Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants and socks
    • Treat clothing and gear with 0.5% permethrin
    • Perform thorough tick checks after spending time outdoors. Important: with some pathogens, attachment time of the tick is key for successful disease transmission, and quick riddance may therefore prevent infection.

    The best prevention against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is to get vaccinated; this is recommended if living or travelling in an endemic area. The vaccine protects against all virus subtypes.

    • In risk areas, make sure you have good tick protection: Wear skin-covering clothing and closed shoes and use repellents.
    • After spending time in risk areas: check your body for ticks remove them immediately, and disinfect the bite.
    • Monitor the bite site and see a doctor if symptoms appear. For post-travel symptoms, consult a tropical medicine specialist.
    • Vaccination against TBE is recommended for all residents of an endemic areas and for travelers visiting such areas, especially those engaging in outdoor activities.
    • Bundesamt für Gesundheit
    • CDC
    • ECDC
    • TripPrep Tick-Borne Diseases
    • TripPrep Arthropod Infestation and Envenomation in Travelers
    • Global Health Press
    Worldwide
     
     
     
     

     
    Recommendation

    Vaccination recommendation according to the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (BAG), see LINK.

    Entry requirement per country, see IATA LINK.

     

    • Covid-19 is a disease that affects the whole body, but mainly shows with respiratory symptoms such as cough and difficulty in breathing. It is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
    • The infection is mainly spread through respiratory droplets and possibly aerosols when infected persons cough, sneeze, speak or sing without wearing a mask.
    • The infection can be prevented very effectively by vaccination and an increasing number of vaccines are now approved and available for protection.
    • Vaccination is recommended according to the Swiss recommendations of the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), see LINK.
    • Furthermore, prevention relies heavily on people wearing face masks, on hand hygiene and on physical distancing (min. 1.5 m) if masks are not worn and people are not vaccinated.

    Covid19_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    For information, see LINK of the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH)
    Countrywide
     
     
     
    • Influenza is common all over the world including sub-tropical and tropical countries.
    • Vaccination offers the best protection. 
    • Vaccination against flu is recommended for all travellers who belong to an “at risk” group such as pregnant travellers, travellers with comorbidities, elderly people (>65 years), or who plan a a high-risk trip (e.g. cruise-ship, pilgrimage).
    • The influenza vaccine does not offer protection against avian flu.

    Influenza_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    General informations about seasonal flu (influenza)

    Please consult the following FOPH links:

    • Seasonal flu (influenza)
     

    Other health risks

     
    Risk Area
    Factsheet
    Flyer
    Infosheet
    MAP
    Bookmark
      
     
     
     

    There is a risk of arthropod-borne diseases other than malaria, dengue, chikungunya or zika in sub-/tropical regions, and some areas of Southern Europe. These include the following diseases [and their vectors]:

    • in Europe
      • Borreliosis, FSME (= tick-borne encephalitis), rickettsiosis [ticks]
      • Leishmaniasis [sand flies]
      • West-Nile fever [mosquitoes]
    • in Africa
      • Rickettsiosis, in particular African tick bite fever [ticks]
      • Leishmaniasis [sand flies]
      • African trypanosomiasis = sleeping sickness [tsetse flies]
      • West-Nile fever [mosquitoes]
    • in Asia 
      • Scrub typhus [mites]
      • Rickettsiosis [fleas or ticks]
      • Leishmaniasis [sand flies]
      • West-Nile fever [mosquitoes]
      • Crimea-Congo-hemorrhagic fever [ticks]
    • in North and Latin America  
      • Rickettsioses and in particular Rocky Mountain spotted fever [ticks]
      • Leishmaniasis and Carrion's disease [sand flies]
      • American trypanosomiasis = Chagas disease [triatomine bugs]
      • West Nile fever [mosquitoes]
    Under construction
    Worldwide
     
     
     
    • Sexuell übertragbare (oder transmissible) Infektionen (STI) sind eine Gruppe von viralen, bakteriellen und parasitären Infektionen; während viele behandelbar sind, können einige zu Komplikationen, schweren Erkrankungen oder zu einer chronischen Infektion führen.
    • STI nehmen weltweit zu.
    • Lesen Sie das folgende Informationsblatt für weitere Informationen.

    STI_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_DE.pdf

    HIV_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    • Geschlechtskrankheiten sind ein weltweit verbreitetes Gesundheitsproblem und können durch Prävention, regelmässiges Testen und Behandlung in den Griff bekommen werden.
    • Das Wissen um Risiken sowie Safer-Sex-Praktiken inklusive Kondomgebrauch sind wichtig. Falls Sie mehr dazu erfahren wollen, wie Sie sich während der Reise optimal schützen können, besprechen Sie dies mit einer Fachperson.
    • Hatten Sie eine Risikosituation, ist es wichtig mit einer Fachperson so rasch wie möglich Rücksprache zu halten, um zu erörtern, ob eine HIV-Post-Expositions-Prophylaxe (PEP) durchgeführt werden soll, um eine Ansteckung mit HIV zu verhindern.
    • Im Nachgang einer Risikosituation ist es wichtig sich auf Geschlechtskrankheiten testen zu lassen. Auch dann, wenn Sie keine Symptome haben.
    Reisende, die Gelegenheitssex haben, sind einem erhöhten Risiko ausgesetzt, sich mit sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen, sogenannten Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), einschliesslich HIV, anzustecken. Ein Auslandaufenthalt, wobei man auch neue Menschen kennen lernt, kann damit verbunden sein, sich anders zu verhalten und mehr Risiken einzugehen, als man dies zu Hause tun würde. Es ist wichtig daran zu denken, dass ungeschützter Sex und mehrere neue Sexualpartner ein Risiko für Geschlechtskrankheiten darstellen. Geschlechtskrankheiten können unter Umständen schwere Komplikationen verursachen und zudem auf weitere Partner*innen übertragen werden, sofern diese nicht rechtzeitig bemerkt und behandelt werden. Sind Sie nicht sicher, ob es sich um eine Risikosituation handelt, dann hilft der 'Risk-Check' von Love Live weiter.
    Geschlechtskrankheiten sind Infektionen, die durch sexuellen Kontakt (vaginaler, analer oder oraler Sex) übertragen werden. Sie werden durch mehr als 30 verschiedene Bakterien, Viren oder Parasiten verursacht, die in oder auf Ihrem Körper vorkommen. Es ist auch möglich, dass gleichzeitig mehr als eine STI gleichzeitig übertragen wird. Einige bedeutendsten STIs sind HIV (Informationsblatt HIV-AIDS), Hepatitis B, das humane Papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes simplex (HSV), Syphilis, Chlamydien und Gonorrhö.
    Geschlechtskrankheiten treten weltweit auf und können jeden und jede treffen, unabhängig von Alter, Geschlecht oder auch der sexuellen Orientierung. STIs kommen in vielen Ländern mit schwächerem Gesundheitssystem häufiger vor.
    Geschlechtskrankheiten werden in der Regel durch ungeschützten vaginalen, oralen oder analen Geschlechtsverkehr übertragen. Sie können aber auch durch andere intime Kontakte weitergegeben werden, wie z. B. Herpes und HPV, die durch Hautkontakt/Küssen übertragen werden. Andere können auch auf nicht sexuellem Wege übertragen werden, z.B. über Blut. Viele Geschlechtskrankheiten - darunter Syphilis, Hepatitis B, HIV, Chlamydien, Tripper, Herpes und HPV - können auch während der Schwangerschaft und bei der Geburt von der Mutter auf das Kind übertragen werden.
    • Brennen oder Juckreiz im Genitalbereich
    • Schmerzhaftes oder häufiges Wasserlösen oder auch Schmerzen im Unterleib
    • Ungewöhnlicher Ausfluss aus dem Penis oder der Vagina
    • Wunden, Rötungen, Bläschen im Mund/Lippen oder Genitalbereich sowie Warzen im Intimbereich
    • Manchmal auch Fieber (eher selten)

    Wichtig: Eine STI kann auch ohne oder mit nur leichten Symptomen auftreten. Auch wenn Sie sich dessen nicht bewusst sind, können Sie andere anstecken. Deshalb ist es wichtig sich testen zu lassen.

    Geschlechtskrankheiten können bei einer körperlichen Untersuchung oder durch die Untersuchung von Urin, einer Wunde, eines Bläschens oder eines Abstrichs aus der Vagina, dem Penis oder dem Anus diagnostiziert werden. Bluttests können bei der Diagnose helfen. Auch wenn Sie keine Symptome haben, sollten Sie mit ihrer Ärztin, ihrem Arzt sprechen, wenn Sie im Ausland ungeschützten Geschlechtsverkehr hatten. Denn eine frühzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung ist wichtig, um eine Errergerübertragung und Komplikationen durch unbehandelte STIs zu verhindern.
    Viele Geschlechtskrankheiten sind heilbar, andere wie z.B. HIV jedoch nicht und bedeuten, dass lebenslang Medikamente eingenommen werden müssen, damit es nicht zu Komplikationen kommt. Beispielsweise können mit Antibiotika bakteriell verursachte STIs geheilt werden. Eine frühzeitige Behandlung verringert zudem das Risiko von Komplikationen. Denn unbehandelt können einige STIs langfristig unter Umständen zu Gesundheitsproblemen führen, wie z.B. zu Unfruchtbarkeit, Geburtskomplikationen und einigen Arten von Krebs. Wenn eine schwangere Frau eine STI hat, kann dies zu Gesundheitsproblemen beim Baby führen. Auch Sexualpartner sollten gleichzeitig behandelt werden, um eine erneute Infektion zu verhindern (Ping-Pong-Übertragung).
    • Beachten Sie die Safer Sex Regeln von Love Live. Dazu gehört auch bei jedem Anal- oder Vaginalverkehr Kondome zu verwenden.
    • Denken Sie daran, dass es bei Oralverkehr auch zu Übertragungen von STIs kommen kann.  
    • Lassen Sie sich impfen! Es gibt Impfstoffe zum Schutz vor HPV, Hepatitis A und Hepatitis B.
    • Hatten Sie eine Risikosituation, ist es wichtig mit einer Fachperson so rasch wie möglich Rücksprache zu halten, um zu erörtern, ob eine HIV-Post-Expositions-Prophylaxe (PEP) durchgeführt werden soll, um eine HIV-Infektion zu verhindern. Am wirksamsten ist eine HIV-PEP innerhalb weniger Stunden danach.
    • Es gibt auch weitere Präventionsmassnahmen für spezielle Situationen (Präexpositionsprophylaxe HIV-PrEP). Sprechen Sie mit einer damit erfahrenen Fachperson vor Abreise darüber.
    • Denken Sie daran, dass Alkohol oder Drogen zu erhöhtem Risikoverhalten führen.
    • Denken Sie daran, dass Sie eine weitere Person/bekannter Partner*in bei ungeschütztem Sex anstecken können, sofern bei Ihnen eine unbehandelte STI vorliegt.
    • Menschen mit einer neu diagnostizierten STI sind angehalten ihre früheren Sexualpartner*innen zu informieren, damit auch sie behandelt werden können.

    Durch Bakterien oder Parasiten hervorgerufen
    Alle diese Krankheiten können geheilt werden. Wichtig ist dabei, frühzeitig zu testen und umgehend zu therapieren, um Komplikationen und v.a. weitere Übertragungen zu vermeiden.

    • Syphilis
      Auch bekannt als Lues. Sie wird durch das Bakterium Treponema pallidum verursacht. Das erste Anzeichen ist eine schmerzlose Wunde an den Genitalien, im Mund, auf der Haut oder im Rektum, die hochgradig ansteckend ist und nach 3 bis 6 Wochen spontan abklingt. Da diese schmerzlos ist, nehmen nicht alle Patienten*innen diese Läsion wahr. Oft heilt diese Infektion jedoch nicht von selbst aus. In der zweiten Phase können Hautausschlag, Halsschmerzen und Muskelschmerzen auftreten. Unbehandelt kann die Krankheit im Verborgenen (latent) bleiben, ohne dass Symptome auftreten. Etwa ein Drittel der Infizierten mit unbehandelter Syphilis entwickelt im Verlauf Komplikationen. Diese Spätform wird als  sogenannt tertiäre Syphilis bezeichnet . In diesem Stadium kann die Krankheit alle Organe befallen: am häufigsten das Gehirn, die Nerven und die Augen. Die Infektion kann während der Schwangerschaft auf den Fötus und bei der Geburt auf das Kind übertragen werden.

    • Chlamydia trachomatis
      Chlamydien können ungewöhnlichen Ausfluss aus dem Penis oder der Vagina, Unbehagen beim Wasserlösen und Unterleibsschmerzen verursachen. Oft treten keine Symptome auf. Unbehandelt können sie zu Unfruchtbarkeit führen und die Krankheit kann auf Sexualpartner*innen übertragen werden. Die Bakterien können auch während der Schwangerschaft auf den Fötus, oder während der Geburt auf das Kind übertragen werden und Augeninfektionen oder Lungenentzündungen verursachen.

    • Gonorrhoe
      Auch bekannt als Tripper. Zu den häufigsten Symptomen gehören Ausfluss aus der Vagina oder dem Penis und schmerzhaftes Wasserlassen. Symptome müssen aber nicht immer auftreten. Sowohl bei Männern als auch bei Frauen kann Gonorrhoe auch den Mund, den Rachen, die Augen und den Anus infizieren und sich auf das Blut und die Gelenke ausbreiten, wo sie in eine schwere Krankheit übergehen kann. Bleibt sie unbehandelt, kann sie eine Beckenentzündung verursachen, die zu chronischen Beckenschmerzen und Unfruchtbarkeit führen kann. Die Krankheit kann während der Schwangerschaft auf den Fötus übertragen werden.

    • Weitere bakterielle STIs: Mykoplasmen und Ureaplasmen. Diese können ebenfalls behandelt werden.

    • Trichomoniasis
      Sie wird durch einen Parasiten verursacht, der mit einer einzigen Dosis eines Antibiotikums behandelt werden kann. Trichomoniasis kann bei Frauen einen übel riechenden Scheidenausfluss, Juckreiz im Genitalbereich und schmerzhaftes Wasserlassen verursachen. Bei Männern treten in der Regel weniger oder keine Symptome auf. Zu den Komplikationen gehört das Risiko einer vorzeitigen Entbindung bei schwangeren Frauen. Um eine Reinfektion zu verhindern, sollten beide Sexualpartner behandelt werden.

    Durch Viren hervorgerufen

    • HIV/AIDS - siehe Informationsblatt HIV-AIDS

    • Herpes simplex Virus
      Im Lippen-Mundbereich, auch bekannt als Fieberbläschen, ist nicht heilbar. Herpes kann aber mit Medikamenten bei akuten Beschwerden kontrolliert werden. Die Symptome sind in der Regel schmerzhafte, wässrige Hautbläschen und finden sich an oder um die Genitalien, den Anus oder den Mund. Nach der Erstinfektion ruht das Virus im Körper und die Symptome können über Jahre hinweg wieder auftreten. Schwangere Frauen können die Infektion an ihre Neugeborenen weitergeben, was zu einer bedrohlichen Infektion führen kann.

    • Virale Hepatitis (siehe auch Hepatitis Schweiz)
      • Hepatitis A (HAV)
        Hepatitis A ist eine durch Impfung vermeidbare Leberinfektion, die durch das Hepatitis-A-Virus verursacht wird. Das Hepatitis-A-Virus findet sich im Stuhl und im Blut infizierter Personen. Hepatitis A kann durch verunreinigtes Wasser und Lebensmittel sowie bei anal-oralen sexuellen Aktivitäten übertragen werden. Die Patienten*innen leiden an einer akuten und oft schweren Erkrankung, erholen sich aber allermeist spontan.
      • Hepatitis B (HBV)
        Das Hepatitis-B-Virus wird durch sexuelle Kontakte sowie durch den Kontakt mit anderen Körperflüssigkeiten, wie z.B. Blut, übertragen. Zur Übertragung kann es z.B. auch bei medizinischen Eingriffen oder Brennen eines Tatoos unter nicht optimalen hygienischen Bedingungen kommen. Hepatitis B kann eine schwere Leberinfektion verursachen, die sowohl zu einer sofortigen Erkrankung, als auch zu einer lebenslang andauernden Infektion führen kann mit möglicher Folge einer dauerhaften Lebervernarbung (Zirrhose) und Krebs. Schwangere Frauen mit Hepatitis B können das Virus während der Geburt auf ihr Kind übertragen. Zu Beginn der Infektion haben Sie möglicherweise keine Symptome.  Das Virus kann auf Sexualpartner*innen übertragen werden. Hepatitis B kann mit antiviralen Medikamenten behandelt werden, ist aber nur selten heilbar. Eine Impfung kann eine Hepatitis-B-Infektion verhindern.
      • Hepatitis C (HCV)
        In den meisten Fällen wird Hepatitis C durch den Kontakt mit infiziertem Blut übertragen. Seltener kann es durch analen Sexualkontakt oder von der Mutter auf das Kind während der Schwangerschaft und Geburt übertragen werden. Die meisten Infizierten sind sich ihrer Infektion nicht bewusst, weil sie keine Symptome entwickeln, aber diese chronische Infektion kann zu Leberzirrhose und Krebs führen. Hepatitis C kann behandelt werden, eine Impfung gibt es nicht.

    • Humanes Papillomavirus (HPV)
      HPV ist die häufigste Geschlechtskrankheit. Es gibt eine Vielzahl verschiedener HPV-Typen, und einige von ihnen können Genital-, Anal- und Mundwarzen sowie Gebärmutterhals-, Penis- oder Rachenkrebs verursachen. Die Symptome können auch noch Jahre nach dem Sex mit einer infizierten Person auftreten. Zwei verfügbare Impfstoffe schützen gegen die wichtigsten HPV-Typen, die Gebärmutterhals-, Penis- oder Analkrebs verursachen.

    • Zika - siehe Informationsblatt Zika
      In den meisten Fällen wird es vor allem durch Stechmücken übertragen. Es kann aber auch sexuell übertragen werden. Eine Ansteckung mit Zika während der Schwangerschaft kann bei dem sich entwickelnden Fötus Geburtsfehler wie Mikrozephalie (kleiner Kopf mit neurologischen Ausfällen) verursachen. Die einzige Möglichkeit, eine sexuelle Übertragung des Virus während der Schwangerschaft zu verhindern, besteht darin, Vorsichtsmassnahmen (Kondome) zu treffen oder Sex (mindestens 2 Monate nach der Rückkehr) mit jemandem zu vermeiden, der kürzlich in ein Risikogebiet gereist ist, auch wenn der Reisende keine Symptome hat.
    • Love Life: www.lovelife.ch 
    • Sexuelle Gesundheit Schweiz: www.sexuelle-gesundheit.ch 
    • Hepatitis Schweiz: https://hepatitis-schweiz.ch/formen/was-ist-hepatitis 
    • World Health Organization (WHO). Factsheets. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 14 June 2019: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis) 
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Factsheet: Information for Teens and Young Adults: Staying Healthy and Preventing STDs (2017): www.cdc.gov/std/life-stages-populations/stdfact-teens.htm 
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). How You Can Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases: www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/ 
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Sexual Transmission and Prevention. Zika Virus: www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html 
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Zika and Pregnancy; Pregnant Women and Zika (March 2021): www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/zika/protect-yourself.html 
    Areas above 2500 meters
     
     
     
    • Altitude sickness can be life-threatening and may be experienced by any traveler.
    • The danger begins at around 2500m and rises with increasing altitude.
    • People differ in their susceptibility to altitude sickness; this is not related to their physical fitness.
    • Severe altitude sickness with fluid accumulation in the brain or lungs can rapidly result in death.
    • If you are planning a stay in high altitudes, we strongly recommend you to consult your doctor for detailed recommendations and instructions.

    Altitude_Sickness_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    • Eine Höhenkrankheit kann lebensgefährlich sein und bei jedem Reisenden auftreten.
    • Die Gefahr beginnt bei ca. 2500m und nimmt mit zunehmender Höhe zu.
    • Wenn Sie einen Höhenaufenthalt planen, lesen sie bitte dieses Merkblatt aufmerksam durch!
    • Je nach Reiseart und / oder Vorerkrankungen wird die Beratung durch eine Fachperson dringend angeraten.
    Reisen in die Anden, den Himalaya oder Ostafrika (z.B. Kilimanjaro) können in ungewohnte Höhen führen. In vielen Reiseangeboten werden für diese Höhentreks nur wenige Tage vorgesehen, was eine ungewöhnliche Anforderung und zum Teil eine Überforderung für den Organismus bedeutet. Reisen in grosse Höhen sind nicht risikolos, auch nicht für gesund befundene Personen. Personen, die schon zu Hause an Atem- oder Herzbeschwerden leiden, sollten sich bei ihrem Hausarzt beraten lassen.
    Die Gefahr einer akuten Bergkrankheit besteht bei allen Personen. Das Risiko eine akute Bergkrankheit zu erleiden, ist weitestgehend unabhängig von Alter und Trainingszustand und wird in erster Linie von der Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit und der Schlafhöhe bestimmt. Die Gefahr beginnt ungefähr bei 2500m und nimmt mit zunehmender Höhe zu. Die akute Höhenkrankheit äussert sind durch Kopfschmerzen, Übelkeit, Appetitverlust und Schlafstörungen.
    Nehmen die obigen Symptome zu, z.B. keine Reaktion der Kopfschmerzen mehr auf Kopfwehtabletten, und werden zusätzlich von Schwindel, Erbrechen, Teilnahmslosigkeit, Gangunsicherheit und ev. Atemnot begleitet, dann soll schnellstmöglich abgestiegen werden bzw. der Erkrankte in tiefere Lagen abtransportiert werden. Beim Nichtabsteigen besteht die Gefahr, dass es zu lebensbedrohlichen Zuständen wie Höhenhirnödem und/oder Höhenlungenödem kommt.
    1. Langsamer Aufstieg. Aufstiegsregeln: oberhalb von 2500m sollte die Schlafhöhe um nicht mehr als 300-500m pro Tag gesteigert werden und pro 1000m Schlafhöhengewinn sollte ein zusätzlicher Ruhetag eingelegt werden.
    2. Treten Beschwerden auf, die auf eine Bergkrankheit hinweisen (siehe oben), muss der Anstieg pausiert werden und er darf erst wieder bei Beschwerdefreiheit fortgesetzt werden. Bei Zunahme der Beschwerden muss abgestiegen werden bzw. Patient:innen in tiefere Lagen abtransportiert werden. Bei Ignorieren zunehmender Beschwerden können sich die lebensbedrohlichen Formen der Höhenkrankheit, das Höhenhirnödem und/oder das Höhenlungenödem entwickeln.
    3. Ist das Einhalten der oben genannten Aufstiegsregeln situativ oder geländebedingt nicht möglich, kann die Einnahme von Acetazolamid (DIAMOX®) das Risiko eine akute Höhenkrankheit zu entwickeln, vermindern. Die Verschreibung des Medikaments bedingt eine ärztliche Indikationsstellung sowie eine Aufklärung über allfällige Nebenwirkungen!
    • Kopfschmerzen: Paracetamol (z.B. PANADOL®, DAFALGAN®). Keine Schlafmittel verwenden!
    • Höhenhirnödem: sofortiger Abstieg. Falls verfügbar: Sauerstoffgabe, medikamentöse Notfalltherapie.
    • Höhenlungenödem (Atemnot auch in Ruhe, rasselndes Atemgeräusch, Reizhusten) Sofortiger Abstieg. Falls verfügbar: Sauerstoffgabe, medikamentöse Notfalltherapie.
    Woldwide
     
     
    • Mpox is a viral disease that typically causes a rash, swollen lymph nodes and fever.
    • An emerging variant is spreading rapidly in eastern D.R. Congo and neighbouring countries, leading the WHO to declare a new Public Health Emergency International (PHEIC) in August 2024.
    • Close physical contact (sexual or non-sexual) is the main route of transmission.
    • The disease is usually mild. Children, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are most at risk of complications.
    • Take general precautions (see factsheet) to prevent the disease.
    • There is a vaccination against Mpox, but it is currently only available for people at high risk.

    Mpox_Factsheet_Public_ECTM_EN.pdf

    WHO Map: 2025 Monkeypox Outbreak Global Map
    • Mpox is a viral disease that typically causes a rash, swollen lymph nodes and fever.
    • An emerging variant is spreading rapidly in eastern D.R. Congo and neighboring countries prompting a new WHO declaration of a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), as of August 14th 2024.
    • Close physical contact (sexual or non-sexual) is the main mode of transmission.
    • The disease generally follows a mild course. Children, pregnant women, and people with weak immune systems are the most at risk of complications.
    • Vaccination against mpox is available, but limited to groups at high risk of exposure. 
    Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, a virus from the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. It is a viral zoonotic disease, which means it can spread from animals to humans. It can also spread between people.

    Mpox has been commonly found in West and Central Africa for many years where the suspected reservoir - small mammals - is endemic. There are two types of Monkeypox virus called ‘clades’ that cause the disease mpox - clade I in Central Africa and clade II in West Africa. Since the end of smallpox vaccination campaigns in the early 1980’s, cases of mpox have increased, slowly at first and significantly in the last 5-10 years, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

     

    In 2022, a new emerging subclade of clade II was responsible for a global epidemic that spread mainly through sexual contact among men who have sex with men. It resulted in the first public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declared by the WHO until 2023. Although the clade II epidemic is now under control, this virus variant continues to circulate worldwide.


    In 2024, the continued spread of mpox clade I in endemic regions of Central Africa, particularly in the DRC, and the emergence of a new subclade Ib in Eastern DRC and neighboring countries have raised global concern and prompted the WHO to declare a PHEIC for the second time in two years. The current geographical spread of the mpox clade Ib variant occurs via commercial routes through sexual contact (e.g. sex workers), followed by local transmission in households and other settings (which is becoming increasingly important).

    Animal to human transmission
    Mpox can spread from animal to human when they come into direct contact with an infected animal (rodents or primates).

     

    Human to human transmission
    Mpox can be spread from person to person through close physical contact (sexual and non-sexual contact) with someone who has symptoms of mpox. Skin and mucous membrane lesions, body fluids, and scabs are particularly infectious. A person can also become infected by touching or handling clothing, bedding, towels, or objects such as eating utensils/dishes that have been contaminated by contact with a person with symptoms. Household members, family caretakers, and sexual partners of a confirmed case of mpox are at higher risk for infection as are health care workers who treat a case without adequate personal protection.

    The incubation period (time between infection and onset of symptoms) ranges from a few days up to 3 weeks. Mpox causes a rash / skin eruption that can be painful associated with swollen lymph nodes and fever. Fever may start already before the rash phase. Other symptoms include muscle aches, back pain, and fatigue. The rash may be localized or generalized, with few or hundreds of skin lesions. It mainly affects the face, the trunk and the palms of hand and soles of the feet. It can also be present in genital areas and on mucous membranes such as in the mouth and throat. Symptoms usually last 2 to 4 weeks and the person remains contagious until all lesions have healed (once the cabs have fallen off).

    Complications include secondary bacterial infections, infections of the lung and brain and involvement of other organs, still birth and others. Children, pregnant women, and people with weak immune systems are at higher risk to develop a severe form of mpox.

    The majority of person with mpox recovers spontaneously and do not need specific antiviral treatment. Care management consists of relieving pain and other symptoms and preventing complications (e.g., superinfection). Several antiviral treatments are studied in various countries and may be used in trials or in clinical situations according to the recommendations of national medical societies.

     

    In case of symptoms: 

    • Seek medical attention immediately
    • If you are diagnosed with mpox
      • Please stay at home (isolate yourself) until your mpox rash has healed and a new layer of skin has formed. Staying away from other people and not sharing things you have touched with others will help prevent the spread of mpox. People with mpox should regularly clean and disinfect the spaces they use to limit household contamination.
      • Wash your hands often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitiser containing at least 60% alcohol.
      • You should not have sex while symptomatic and while you have lesions or symptoms. Use condoms for 12 weeks after infection. This is a precaution to reduce the risk of spreading the virus to a partner.
      • For more information on what do if you are sick, see CDC LINK.

    General precautions:

    • Worldwide:
      • avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with people who have or may have mpox or people who have a rash (e.g., pimples, blisters, scabs).
      • Wash your hands often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitiser containing at least 60% alcohol.
      • Avoid touching potentially contaminated personal items such as cups, bedding/clothing, towels or sharing eating utensils/cups, food or drink with a person who has, or may have mpox.
      • Avoid sex with sick persons; use of condoms for up to 12 weeks if you sexual partner have had mpox.
      • Follow advice of local authorities.
    • When travelling to endemic / epidemic areas in Africa, in addition to above mentioned general precautions: 
      • Avoid contact with and animals in areas where mpox regularly occurs.
      • Avoid eating or preparing meat from wild animals (bushmeat) or using products (creams, lotions, powders) derived from wild animals.

    Vaccination:

    There are several vaccines against mpox (e.g. Jynneos®, manufacture Bavarian Nordic). The Bavarian Nordic vaccine was originally developed to fight against smallpox, but offers a cross-protection against mpox. In Switzerland, the Jynneos® vaccine has been licensed by Swissmedic since 2024. Groups at risk (e.g., men who have sex with men or transgender people with multiple sex partners) are eligible for vaccination since 2022 and this recommendation remains unchanged (see FOPH recommendations). In light of the epidemiological situation in Africa in 2024, the Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine recommends vaccination against mpox for professionals who are / will be in contact with suspect mpox patients or animals in endemic/epidemic regions or who work in a laboratory with the virus (for updates, see news).

    The risk to the general population and travelers (tourists) is considered extremely low if the above-mentioned general precautions are followed and vaccination is not recommended.

    • Seek medical attention immediately.
    • Mpox is not a sexual transmitted disease in the strict sense, physical contact with a person with symptoms of mpox (rash at any stage) is sufficient to transmit the disease. Condoms do not protect you from getting mpox!
    • Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH)                                                            
    • World Health Organisation: WHO FAQ
    • European Center of Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)
    • US Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
      
     
     
     
    • There are other important travel related health risks such as diarrhoea, road traffic accidents, air pollution and more.
    • For more information, see the section "Healthy Travelling".

    EKRM_Factsheet_Layperson_EN_Rabies.pdf

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